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Neutral Nations Repatriation Commission
After the Korean War prisoner exchange was an important agenda. But there was a disagreement. The UN wanted voluntary repatriation but the People's Republic of China wanted required repatriation. By May 1952, despite several efforts the issue was deadlocked. Several plans were put forth and finally the UN agreed to Jawaharlal Nehru's and V. K. Krishna Menon's prisoner-of-war settlement proposal which called for a Neutral Nations' Repatriation Commission (NNRC). The proposal was rejected by China and the Democratic People's Republic of Korea on 3 December 1952. UN Commander General Mark Clark proposed an exchange of sick and wounded soldiers which was agreed to by the Communists. Thus, Operation Little Switch went underway. This was the first exchange of soldiers which began that year on April 20.
==Proposal and Formation==
With approval from the United Nations General Assembly a neutral-nations repatriation commission to return all POWs was constituted. This was because the UN found out that some of the Korean and Chinese prisoners refused to return to Communist control.〔 But several proposals and counter proposals dragged on until all agreed to have a neutral nations' repatriation commission.〔 A new Communist plan called for giving custody over the POWs to a five-nation neutral repatriation commission consisting of India, Poland, Switzerland, Czechoslovakia and Sweden. But the UN rejected this initial proposal because the repatriates were refused eventual civilian status and freedom and they were to be relocated to a neuter nation. Instead of a cumbersome five-nations custody, the commission's decisions were to be supervised by Indian forces and an Indian chairman. All non-repatriates were to be given civilian status within sixty days. But North Korea rejected this proposal.〔
UN General Clark received new instructions. Accordingly, all POWs were to be handed over to the commission and allowed a 90 or 120-day period during which the non-repatriates were to be convinced to return home. After that the remaining men would either be given civilian status or their futures would be decided by the UN General Assembly. Also the commission were to decide all disputes by voting and to favour a simple majority.〔 It was decided that the commission would provide for 120 days of custody. After that the POWs who refused repatriation would be granted civilian status.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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